Ethical Google Hacking - Intro. (Part 1)

Intro: What Is Google Hacking?

Intro: General Info.

  • Level: All
  • Course Notes and Errata
    • Focus on search operators in practical situations
      • Not every Google search operator will be covered
  • Examples
    • Phishing campaign simulation
      • Leveraging financial documents from Board Of Director’s meetings
    • Searching nginx logs for error responses while adjusting for output variability
    • How to find admin area source code (or other functionality)
    • Search timestamp ranges within PHP error logs

Intro: But Why?

  • From a recon perspective, why is Google hacking advantageous?
    • Passive
      • Hard to trace
      • Google makes the connection to the site, not you

Intro: Additional Help

Sensitive Doc Dork: Background

  • Scenario
    • Phishing campaign will be aimed at
      • State employees who recently got a raise through the budgeting process
      • “confidential employees”
        • State employees who have access to privileged information
  • Phish email from “HR”
    • “Due to your recent salary adjustment, we need to confirm your banking information. Click here to confirm your bank account on file”
      • Link will redirect to a fake employee portal that steals login credentials
    • Social Engineering
      • Trust is implicitly built through disclosure of sensitive information
        • This information is commonly found via Google Dorks

Sensitive Doc Dork: Logical Operators

  • filetype:(doc | pdf | xls | txt | rtf | odt | ppt ) intext:(confidential salary | "salary schedule")
    • ()
      • Logical grouping
    • OR
      • Note the uppercase
      • AKA |
      • If there isn’t an explicit |, an AND is implied
        • Within text
          • Googling WPA2 KRACK Vulnerability
        • Adjacent search operators

Sensitive Doc Dork: filetype Operator (1/2)

  • filetype:(doc | pdf | xls | txt | rtf | odt | ppt ) intext:(confidential salary | "salary schedule")
  • NOT
    • filetype: (doc | pdf | xls | txt | rtf | odt | ppt)
    • True for all operators
  • Common file formats indexed by Google
    • Can search for file extensions not on this list
      • Ex: filetype:md
        • Q: Why would this be useful?

Sensitive Doc Dork: filetype Operator (2/2)

  • filetype:(doc | pdf | xls | txt | rtf | odt | ppt ) intext:(confidential salary | "salary schedule")
  • filetype:pdf
    • Will return

Sensitive Doc Dork: intext Operator

  • filetype:(doc | pdf | xls | txt | rtf | odt | ppt ) intext:(confidential salary | "salary schedule")
  • Helpful for constraining a search to a document’s body
    • Regular Google search can match page titles, items in the url path, etc.
  • intext:(confidential salary | "salary schedule")
    • Has confidential AND salary somewhere in the text body
    • "salary schedule"
      • Exact match
    • We leave this search relatively vague to capture other results of interest
      • We don’t do intext:("confidential employee" | "salary schedule")
  • Problems
    • Look at query
    • Too many false positives

Sensitive Doc Dork: inurl Operator

  • filetype:(doc | pdf | xls | txt | rtf | odt | ppt ) intext:(confidential salary | "salary schedule") inurl:(confidential "board approved */*/17")
  • confidential
    • Must be in the url
  • "board approved */*/17"
    • Can be in the url or anywhere within the document
    • * is expanded to one or more words
      • Cross-check via bold in the results output
        • Search Ex.
  • Doesn’t work well for non-words
    • Ex: inurl:"sid=*"
      • sid is for a PHP session
      • Through a proxy log dork, we can find sensitive urls/url parameters

Proxy Log Dork: Why Search Through Proxy Logs?

  1. URL Data leakage
  2. Abnormal response codes

Proxy Log Dork: AROUND(X) Operator

  • TERM 1 AROUND(2) TERM 2
    • TERM 1 is within 2 words of TERM 2
    • Capitalize AROUND for more consistent results
  • Useful for searching documents where the ordering of terms can be customized
    • Ex: Logs
  • Nginx Log Ex:
    • - - - - "GET / HTTP/1.1" STATUS_CODE - - -
      • Put - to simplify
  • filetype:log inurl:(access.log | error.log) intext:("HTTP/" AROUND(5) 500) -site:github.com

Proxy Log Dork: site Operator

  • Scopes a search to a particular domain
    • Can even be a TLD
    • site:.net
  • site:github.com
    • Will match github.com and *.github.com
    • Leave out www to ensure search of all subdomains
  • filetype:log inurl:(access.log | error.log) intext:("HTTP/" AROUND(5) 500) -site:github.com
    • -site:github.com
      • Helps us remove example logs that are false positives
        • Or are they?
          • For targeted search don’t discard
          • Stackoverflow for recon
    • Review Ex.

- Operator

  • -site:github.com -next -last -reply -"I want to leave this out"
  • Make sure search results don’t contain a given…
    • operator
    • word
      • -next will help negate help forum results
    • phrase

Error Log Dork: X..Y (Range) Operator

  • Finds a given number range
  • warning error on line php filetype:log 2015..2017
    • Search php error logs for a given timestamp
    • Ex.

Admin Functionality Dork: inanchor Operator

  • Finds text within a link/anchor
  • inanchor:admin site:hackthissite.org
    • Great way to find admin portals
  • How can we remove some of the clutter from the results?
  • Ex.

Admin Functionality Dork: intitle Operator

  • Searches through page titles
  • inanchor:admin site:hackthissite.org -intitle:"view topic"
  • Why did the source code come up in the results?
  • Ex.

Further Learning

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